腹壁可认清肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 褶尿管细菌感染A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )褶尿管细菌感染见于褶和膀胱之间，上会位于褶尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于至少位于褶下。这些细菌感染可观感为完全无；也或低；也。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 上图11A，褶尿管细菌感染，此细菌感染已受感染，内部所含相比之下；也的液体。B，褶尿管细菌感染，紧迫的细菌感染前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis输卵管腹腔乳癌Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).腹壁输卵管腹腔乳癌是输卵管切除后的长期合并症，无特殊观感，但可于以前切除的瘢痕处见一连续功能性肿物，并有瞬时的疼痛和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 上图12 ，剖宫产伤疤处输卵管腹腔乳癌

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 腹壁血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可拉开序幕发作功能性头痛后、喷嚏或癫痫发作后，其根本原因上会是抗凝治疗或高血压疾病。由于血肿受限制于腹直肌鞘内，上会不不小，其形状根据所处位置而定，在前端直通以上，血肿常为卵圆形，长轴呈圆形上下方向，可于一侧见到（上图13A）；在前端直通请注意，由于腹白直通缺如，可扩充掠过里直通，因此血肿观感为分齿状，其最大长度位于横轴上。在婴儿腹壁血肿可见于褶上斜向扩充（上图13B、C）。术后弥散功能性静脉内肾脏的病者可于腹壁切除瘢痕临近见到大的血肿（上图13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 上图13A，一里年妇女剧烈头痛后腹直肌鞘血肿，上标指示腹横筋膜。B，婴儿腹壁血肿。C，一婴儿褶静脉包覆处上面的腹壁血肿。UV，褶静脉。D，一弥散功能性静脉内肾脏的剖宫产术后病者脸颊处腹壁血肿。

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